Identification of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes has led to accurate identification of women at risk of breast and ovarian cancer, enabled the development of risk management strategies, and more recently, enabled the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of BRCA-related cancers.  In my talk, I will present an update on genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and highlight how the landscape of genetic testing is changing in purpose from predisposition and risk management, to selection of treatment options.  I will highlight the challenges in interpretation of genetic data, and also the psycho-social and legal challenges of offering genetic testing more widely in Malaysia.